Heart Malformation
نویسندگان
چکیده
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common human birth defect worldwide,1 taking a tremendous toll on affected families, caregivers, and healthcare systems. Approximately 40 000 children are born each year in the United States with a heart malformation, and at least another 40 000 are born annually with subclinical malformations that result in heart disease later in adulthood. Significant advances in cardiac care and surgery have lowered mortality, and there are now 1 million survivors of CHD in the United States. As a result, the economic effects of CHD are substantial, particularly when lifetime costs of management are considered.
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